A **dataclass** is a Python feature that automatically generates common methods (such as `__init__`,` __repr__`, and `__eq__`) for classes that primarily store data. It reduces boilerplate code and makes data models easier to read and maintain.

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass(slots=True, frozen=True)

...

Using slots=True creates a fixed set of attributes for each instance instead of a dynamic `__dict__`.

Benefits:

- Reduces memory usage.

- Improves attribute access performance.

- Prevents adding new attributes at runtime.

Using frozen=True makes instances effectively immutable after creation.

Benefits:

- Prevents accidental modification of object state.

- Makes objects safer to share across code.

- Allows instances to be hashable (when appropriate), so they can be used as dictionary keys or stored in sets.